Mengapa Linux untuk Developer?
Linux adalah sistem operasi open source yang menjadi fondasi dari modern computing. Sebagian besar server, cloud infrastructure, dan development tools berjalan di Linux. Menguasai Linux adalah skill essential bagi developer.
Distribusi Linux Populer
- Ubuntu – Paling populer, user-friendly, banyak dokumentasi
- Debian – Stabil, basis untuk Ubuntu
- CentOS/Rocky Linux – Enterprise, RHEL compatible
- Fedora – Cutting edge, sponsored by Red Hat
- Arch Linux – Rolling release, untuk advanced users
- Alpine – Minimal, untuk containers
Command Line Basics
# Navigasi
pwd # Print working directory
ls # List files
ls -la # List all files with details
cd /path/to/dir # Change directory
cd .. # Parent directory
cd ~ # Home directory
# File Operations
touch file.txt # Create empty file
mkdir folder # Create directory
mkdir -p a/b/c # Create nested directories
cp file.txt backup.txt # Copy file
cp -r folder backup/ # Copy directory
mv old.txt new.txt # Rename/move
rm file.txt # Delete file
rm -rf folder # Delete directory (careful!)
cat file.txt # View file content
head -n 20 file.txt # First 20 lines
tail -n 20 file.txt # Last 20 lines
tail -f log.txt # Follow log file
# Search
find /path -name "*.txt" # Find files
grep "pattern" file.txt # Search in file
grep -r "pattern" /path # Recursive search
# Permissions
chmod 755 file.sh # Change permissions
chmod +x script.sh # Make executable
chown user:group file.txt # Change ownership
# Process
ps aux # List processes
top # Process monitor
kill PID # Kill process
kill -9 PID # Force kill
# Network
ping google.com # Test connectivity
curl https://example.com # HTTP request
wget https://example.com/file # Download file
netstat -tlnp # List listening ports
# Package Management (Ubuntu/Debian)
apt update # Update package list
apt upgrade # Upgrade packages
apt install package # Install package
apt remove package # Remove package
# System
uname -a # System info
df -h # Disk usage
du -sh folder # Folder size
free -h # Memory usage
uptime # System uptime
# Text Processing
echo "Hello" # Print text
echo "Hello" > file.txt # Write to file (overwrite)
echo "Hello" >> file.txt # Append to file
sort file.txt # Sort lines
wc -l file.txt # Count lines
# Compression
tar -czf archive.tar.gz folder/ # Create tar.gz
tar -xzf archive.tar.gz # Extract tar.gz
zip -r archive.zip folder/ # Create zip
unzip archive.zip # Extract zip
# SSH
ssh user@host # SSH to server
scp file.txt user@host:/path # Copy file via SSH
rsync -avz folder/ user@host:/path # Sync folder
# Cron
crontab -e # Edit crontab
# Format: minute hour day month weekday command
# 0 3 * * * /path/to/script.sh # Run daily at 3 AM
